Multimodal diagnosis – but why?
With AI taking over the world, “Multimodal” has become part of our vocabulary. So why not multimodal diagnosis? This week we have two interesting stories of 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy used to compare serum metabolites and of MRI and immunohistochemistry used in combination to diagnose polymyositis. Now, many of the techniques are used in combination, but actually one after the other. Imagine a world, in which all the techniques can be instantaneously combined and the data integrated. In which IHC stainings can be assembled in 3D to reconstruct the MRI picture and in which metabolites could be traced on the IHCs. All at once. How would this change our understanding of diseases, and times and costs of diagnosis? Enjoy this week’s newsletter! Davide Confalonieri, PhD | CEO @Lab4Paws Reviews The Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System in Cat and Dog Kidney Diseases In this review, Huang et al from the Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Georgia College of Veterinary Medicine, USA explains how the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) plays a key role in kidney diseases and is a major target of treatment in humans, cats, and dogs. Studies on RAAS in animals with kidney diseases show variable activation and significant individual differences in circulating RAAS markers. Recent discoveries include an “alternative” RAAS and tissue-specific renin-angiotensin systems, such as the intrarenal RAS, which independently regulates kidney function and contributes to kidney disease. Limited data suggest intrarenal RAS activation in cats and dogs with kidney diseases. Despite inconsistent evidence of circulating RAAS activation in chronic kidney disease, RAAS inhibitors effectively treat hypertension and proteinuria in affected cats and dogs. Further research into the circulating and intrarenal RAAS could improve treatment strategies for companion animals with kidney diseases. Jane HC Huang, Bianca N Lourenço, Amanda E Coleman. The Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System in Kidney Diseases of Cats and Dogs. The Veterinary Journal, 2024, 106287, ISSN 1090-0233, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tvjl.2024.106287. Clinical Localised Apolipoprotein A-I Amyloidosis in a Dog’s Fibroadnexal Hamartoma In this study by Murakami et al. from the Laboratory of Veterinary Toxicology at Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology in Japan, a rare case of canine apolipoprotein A-I (ApoA-I) amyloidosis is reported. While this condition is typically associated with aging and pulmonary vascular issues, the authors found it in a cutaneous fibroadnexal hamartoma in a dog. Through proteomic analysis using mass spectrometry, the mechanism of ApoA-I amyloidogenesis is explored. Murakami T, et al. (2024). Localised apolipoprotein A-I amyloidosis arising in a fibroadnexal hamartoma in a dog. Veterinary dermatology, 2024(12), Unknown Pages. https://doi.org/10.1111/vde.13316 Successful Diagnosis and Treatment of Canine Polymyositis In this study, Han and colleagues from the Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine at 전남대학교 in Korea report on a case of immune-mediated polymyositis in a dog. The condition was successfully diagnosed using MRI and immunohistochemistry, and effectively managed with immunosuppressive therapy. This highlights the importance of utilizing these techniques for accurate detection and treatment of canine polymyositis. Han J, Park S, Lee K, et al. Successful diagnosis and treatment of canine polymyositis: utilizing MRI and immunohistochemistry for accurate detection. BMC veterinary research. 2024;12:560. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-024-04356-6 Topical Dexamethasone Slows Epithelial Movement on the Canine Eardrum Epithelial migration (EM) is crucial for ear health. While glucocorticoids are common treatments for ear issues, their impact on EM in the eardrum and ear canal is not well studied. This study from Kim et al. from the Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, 경북대학교(Kyungpook National University) , Korea, examined whether topical dexamethasone slows EM on the eardrums of healthy dogs. Seven ears from four dogs were analyzed by measuring the movement of an ink mark on the eardrum over three weeks. Results showed that topical dexamethasone reduced EM rate by nearly 47% compared to untreated controls. This suggests that dexamethasone may slow debris clearance from the ear canal, indicating that additional cleaning might be necessary during treatment for ear conditions. Kim J, Oh T, Bae S. Topical dexamethasone decelerates epithelial migration on the canine tympanic membrane. Vet Dermatol. 2024 Dec 9. https://doi.10.1111/vde.13314 1H NMR Serum Metabolic Profiling in Canine Multicentric Lymphoma Canine lymphoma includes diverse cancers originating from lymphoid cells. Accurate diagnosis is vital for survival outcomes, but current methods are often invasive and lack precision. Metabolomic analysis offers a non-invasive approach to identify biomarkers for diagnosis, treatment response, and prognosis. This study from Solé et al. from the Departamento de Clínicas y Hospital Veterinario, Universidad de la República in Uruguay used 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to compare serum metabolites in 37 dogs with multicentric lymphoma (22 B-cell, 9 CD45+ T-cell, and 6 CD45- T-cell lymphomas) and 25 healthy controls. NMR profiling identified lipids and 22 metabolites, with 16 showing significant alterations. Principal component analysis effectively distinguished lymphoma samples from healthy controls. Pairwise comparisons revealed metabolomic similarities across lymphoma immunophenotypes, but five metabolites, including glucose, lactate, N-acetyl glycoproteins, scyllo-inositol, and choline, showed significant differences. These findings suggest changes in energy, protein, and lipid metabolism and highlight potential new biomarkers for canine multicentric lymphoma. Solé RS, Radcenco AL, Moyna G, Breijo M, Pessina P. Application of 1H NMR Metabolic Profiling of Serum in Canine Multicentric Lymphoma. Vet Comp Oncol. 2024 Dec 8. https://doi.10.1111/vco.13034
We are Killing our Pets
Strange but true: we are killing our pets. Slowly, without noticing it. It’s not even big news in the newspapers, but it’s something everyone would be horrified to realize. Pets are getting “humanized” and adapting to the modern society’s lifestyle. And with this, they are getting all the consequences of it, starting from the epidemics and diseases that plague humans, from overweight to cancer. In our work we get to collaborate with many veterinarians from different geographies, and it’s evident that in the most polluted areas, pets are suffering from tumor and immunological disorders more than in others. This raises a question: Are medicaments the only solution or should we approach animal health from a completely different perspective? Enjoy this week’s edition! Davide Confalonieri, PhD | CEO @Lab4Paws Interleukin-6 promotes metastasis in canine oral squamous cell carcinoma cells In this study by Noguchi et al. from the Laboratory of Veterinary Radiology at Osaka Metropolitan University , Japan, it was found that the involvement of interleukin-6 (IL-6) in cancer progression in canine oral squamous cell carcinoma (CoSCC) is not well understood. The researchers aimed to determine the role of IL-6 in CoSCC metastasis by analyzing mRNA and protein expression, as well as cell migration and invasion. Their findings showed that IL-6 levels were elevated in CoSCC tissues and were associated with shorter survival time in dogs. Treatment with recombinant canine IL-6 (rcIL-6) promoted cell migration and invasion, as well as increased expression of certain proteins associated with cancer progression. This study suggests that IL-6 may play a role in the metastasis of CoSCC through specific signaling pathways. Noguchi, S., et al. (2024). Interleukin-6 promotes the epithelial mesenchymal transition in canine tonsillar squamous cell carcinoma cells. Research in veterinary science, 2024(12), 105487. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rvsc.2024.105487 Do Pre-Treatment Biopsy Characteristics Predict Early Tumour Progression in Feline Diffuse Large B Cell Nasal Lymphoma Treated With RT? In this study from Poirier et al, from the Department of Clinical Studies at Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph , Canada, it is shown that pre-treatment biopsy characteristics are not able to predict early tumour progression in feline diffuse large B cell nasal lymphoma treated with radiation therapy. The study evaluated various histologic parameters and found no significant associations with progression-free survival at one year. This suggests that in a uniformly treated population, pre-RT biopsy characteristics may not be reliable predictors of treatment failure. VJ Poirier et al. (2024). Do Pre-Treatment Biopsy Characteristics Predict Early Tumour Progression in Feline Diffuse Large B Cell Nasal Lymphoma Treated With Radiotherapy?. Veterinary and comparative oncology, 2024(12), Unknown Pages. https://doi.org/10.1111/vco.13032 High Prevalence of Overweight and Obese Condition in Dogs and Cats Across Different Life Stages in the USA In this study from Montoya a et al, from Royal Canin anin in France, it is shown that adult dogs and cats are commonly affected by overweight and obese conditions, but there is limited data on prevalence in different life stages, particularly during growth. Using electronic medical records from Banfield Pet Hospital in the USA, the team found that overweight and obese conditions were prevalent in ∼4.9 million dogs and ∼1.3 million cats between 2020 and 2023. These conditions were most prevalent during the mature life stage, and in cases where an animal was overweight or obese during growth, it often persisted into adulthood. The team recommends preventative measures, such as the use of growth standard charts, from an early age to combat this high prevalence of overweight and obese conditions in adult dogs and cats. M Montoya et al. (2024). Overweight and obese body condition in ∼4.9 million dogs and ∼1.3 million cats seen at primary practices across the USA: Prevalences by life stage from early growth to senior.. Preventive veterinary medicine, 2024(12), 106398. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prevetmed.2024.106398 Multiplexed Immunoassay for Canine Mammary Tumors In this study by Wu et al. from the Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, 長庚大學 , Taiwan, a multiplexed immunoassay is developed for a serum autoantibody biomarker panel to aid in the diagnostic and prognostic prediction of canine mammary tumors. The results of this study were published in The Veterinary Quarterly in 2024. CC Wu et al. (2024). Multiplexed immunoassay for a serum autoantibody biomarker panel in diagnostic and prognostic prediction of canine mammary tumors. The veterinary quarterly, 2024(12), 1. https://doi.org/10.1080/01652176.2024.2435978
Kidney Health Starts from the Bones
Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is a debilitating disease for cats, leading to severe consequences on the animal health. Moreover, it takes also a toll on the mental fitness of owners, who often feel shocked and unprepared to deal with the condition. A large body of research has been collected on the topic, and in this week’s edition Jonathan Elliot and colleagues bring to the point the role of FGF23, a growth factor produced by Osteocytes. This underlines once again the role that studying and modelling diseases with a multi-organ approach has in understanding the disease itself. And of course, in finding diagnostic and therapeutic solutions as well. Enjoy this week’s newsletter! Davide Confalonieri, PhD | CEO @Lab4Paws In Vitro Preliminary Study on the Effects of Cannabidiol and Terpenes on Lymphocytes from Atopic and Healthy Dogs The study by Jani and colleagues from the University of Florida , USA, explores how certain compounds derived from cannabis and plants affect immune cells (lymphocytes) in dogs, particularly those with allergies (atopic) compared to healthy dogs. The research aimed to understand how cannabidiol (CBD), cannabidiolic acid (CBDA), and β-caryophyllene influence lymphocytes, which are crucial for the immune response. This is particularly relevant for dogs with atopic dermatitis, a common allergic condition. The study involved taking lymphocytes from both atopic and healthy dogs and exposing them to different concentrations of CBD, CBDA, and β-caryophyllene in a controlled laboratory setting (in vitro). Researchers then measured the effects on cell activity and function. The results indicated that these compounds could modulate the activity of lymphocytes. Specifically, they showed potential anti-inflammatory effects, which might help in managing allergic reactions in dogs. The compounds appeared to influence how immune cells respond to allergens, which is beneficial for atopic dogs. This preliminary study suggests that CBD, CBDA, and β- caryophyllene may have therapeutic potential for treating allergic conditions in dogs by affecting immune cell behavior. However, further research is needed to confirm these findings and explore their practical applications in veterinary medicine. Jani, T., D. Santoro and J. Shmalberg. Investigation of the in vitro effects of cannabidiol, cannabidiolic acid, and the terpene β-caryophyllene on lymphocytes harvested from atopic and healthy dogs: A preliminary study, Research in Veterinary Science, Volume 182, 2025, 105483, ISSN 0034-5288, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rvsc.2024.105483. Diagnostics & Biomarkers YKL-40 Levels in Canine Mast Cell Tumors: Prognostic Importance The study by Kuo and colleagues from the 國立臺灣科技大學 , Taiwan, investigates the role of a protein called YKL-40 in predicting the outcomes for dogs with mast cell tumors, which are common skin cancers in dogs. YKL-40 is a protein that is often associated with inflammation and cancer. The study examines how its levels in the blood relate to the severity and progression of mast cell tumors in dogs. Researchers collected blood samples from 82 dogs diagnosed with various types of cancer, including mast cell tumors, and compared their YKL-40 levels to those of 20 healthy dogs. Dogs with cancer had significantly higher levels of YKL-40 compared to healthy dogs. Among dogs with mast cell tumors, those with higher YKL-40 levels were more likely to experience tumor relapse or metastasis (spread of cancer) after treatment. Specifically, dogs with YKL-40 levels above 180 pg/mL had much higher rates of relapse (67.5%) and metastasis (42.5%) than those with lower levels. The study suggests that measuring YKL-40 levels could help veterinarians assess the prognosis for dogs with mast cell tumors. Kuo, CC., Huang, WH., Yang, SY. et al. Prognostic significance of YKL-40 expression in canine cutaneous mast cell tumors. BMC Vet Res 20, 537 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-024-04385-1 Clinical Alopecia Linked to Cancer in a Cat with Apocrine Adenocarcinoma Lupion and colleagues from the Veterinary Hospital in Feevale, Campo Bom, Brazil, investigated a rare case of hair loss (alopecia) in a cat that is believed to be related to an underlying cancer, specifically apocrine gland adenocarcinoma. Apocrine gland adenocarcinoma is a type of cancer that affects the sweat glands and can occur in various locations on a cat’s body, including the anal sac. It is known to be relatively uncommon in cats but can lead to significant health issues. The study details the condition of a specific cat diagnosed with this type of cancer, which exhibited alopecia as a potential paraneoplastic syndrome. Paraneoplastic syndromes are conditions caused by cancer that can affect different body systems, including skin changes. The cat showed notable hair loss, which prompted further investigation into the relationship between the alopecia and the cancer. This case highlights how certain tumors can lead to systemic effects that manifest as skin problems. The findings suggest that alopecia in this cat could be linked to the cancer, emphasizing the need for veterinarians to consider underlying malignancies when presented with unusual skin conditions in pets. Lupion, C. G., Bazotti, M. S., Dos Santos, I. R., Pavarini, S. P., Trindade-Gerardi, A. B., & Gerardi, D. G. (2024). Putative paraneoplastic alopecia in a cat with apocrine adenocarcinoma. Veterinary dermatology, 10.1111/vde.13313. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1111/vde.13313 Review of Fibroblast Growth Factor 23: Its Role in Phosphate Balance in Cats The study by Jonathan Elliot from the Royal Veterinary College , United Kingdom, examines the role of fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) in managing phosphate levels in cats, particularly how it affects their overall health. The study discusses how phosphate homeostasis involves multiple organs, including the kidneys, bones, and intestines. FGF23 works alongside other hormones, such as parathyroid hormone (PTH) and calcitriol (active vitamin D), to control how much phosphate is absorbed from food and how much is excreted by the kidneys. In healthy cats, FGF23 helps prevent excessive phosphate buildup, which can lead to health issues. It signals the kidneys to excrete more phosphate when levels are high and reduces its absorption from the diet. The review also highlights how disruptions in FGF23 levels can contribute to health problems, particularly in conditions like chronic kidney disease (CKD). In CKD, phosphate levels can become elevated, leading to complications such as mineral imbalances and soft tissue calcification. Understanding FGF23’s role is important for managing feline health, especially in older cats or those with kidney issues. Monitoring FGF23 levels
ATR as Cancer Target – It’s coming
ATR as Cancer Target – It’s coming Comparative oncology gives us a lot of insights on how to treat companion animals, and sometimes quite some joy. ATR Kinase inhibitors are not exactly new, the first being developed around 1999, but every new target validated for vet science is a success. And that’s this week’s success from Marta Henklewska et al.! Short recap: ATM, ATR and DNA-PKcs are first responders for DNA repair after DNA damage. While ATM and DNA-PKcs mainly repair double-stranded breaks, ATR repairs single-stranded breaks. So far so good. ATM is quite often mutated, making it one of the most frequently mutated tumor suppressors in cancer. Bad news: the tumor can mutate faster Good news: the tumor is more reliant on ATR for maintaining genomic stability Poor genomic stability -> Apoptosis or Necrosis. Yuppi! This is the concept behind targeting ATR, and what makes this target so promising. With her work, we are a step nearer to validating the target for canine Lymphoma and Leukemia. Enjoy this week’s newsletter! Davide Confalonieri, PhD | CEO @Lab4Paws In Vitro Using ATR Kinase Inhibitors to Treat Canine Lymphoma and Leukemia Marta Henklewska and her team from Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences , Poland, investigated ATR kinase inhibitors as a treatment for canine lymphoma and leukemia. They focused on the drug berzosertib, which targets cancer cells’ ability to repair DNA damage. The study showed berzosertib effectively kills cancer cells without harming healthy cells and works synergistically with the chemotherapy drug chlorambucil. This research suggests ATR inhibition could be a promising new approach for treating these cancers in dogs, though further studies are needed to confirm its potential and identify predictive biomarkers. Henklewska, M., Pawlak, A. and Obmińska-Mrukowicz, B. (2024), Targeting ATR Kinase as a Strategy for Canine Lymphoma and Leukaemia Treatment. Vet Comp Oncol, 22: 602-612. https://doi.org/10.1111/vco.13014 Diagnostics & Biomarkers STAT3 Overactivation in Canine Liver Cancer and Its Impact on Prognosis Shin and colleagues from Seoul National University , South Korea, investigated the role of a protein called phosphorylated STAT3 (pSTAT3) in canine hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), a type of liver cancer. Their study analyzed tissue samples from healthy dogs, dogs with non-cancerous liver conditions, and dogs with HCC to determine the levels of pSTAT3 and its link to disease progression. The findings revealed that high levels of pSTAT3 were significantly associated with larger tumor sizes, metastasis, and worse survival outcomes. This suggests that pSTAT3 plays a critical role in the aggressiveness of canine HCC. The study highlights its potential as both a marker to predict prognosis and a target for future therapies aimed at improving treatment outcomes for dogs with this condition. Shin, H.K., Chung, H.J. and Kim, W.H. (2024), Overactivation of Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 in Canine Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Its Prognostic Significance. Vet Comp Oncol, 22: 490-499. https://doi.org/10.1111/vco.12998 Comparing Canine and Human Prostate Cancer to Find Resistance Mechanisms Marcela Riveros Angel gel and colleagues from Oregon Health & Science University , USA, conducted a study to compare gene expression in canine and human prostate cancers, particularly focusing on advanced forms resistant to hormonal treatment, such as castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) in humans and androgen-independent cancers in castrated dogs. Their analysis revealed significant molecular similarities, including shared dysregulated genes like ISG15 and AZGP1, which are linked to immune pathways. These findings suggest that canine prostate cancer could serve as a valuable model to better understand CRPC in humans and potentially guide the development of new therapies targeting shared molecular pathways Angel, M.R., Séguin, B., Löhr, C.V., Beer, T.M., Feliciano, J., Ramsey, S.A. and Thomas, G.V. (2024), Comparative Transcriptomes of Canine and Human Prostate Cancers Identify Mediators of Castration Resistance. Vet Comp Oncol, 22: 629-640. https://doi.org/10.1111/vco.13017 Clinical Testing a New IV Treatment for Canine Lymphoma Using L-Asparaginase Botta and colleagues from the AniCura Animal Oncology and Imaging Center in Switzerland, conducted a pilot study to assess the safety and efficacy of monomeric L-asparaginase administered intravenously in dogs with multicentric lymphoma. This innovative treatment approach aimed to improve outcomes by targeting a critical metabolic vulnerability in lymphoma cells. The study demonstrated that monomeric L-asparaginase could be administered safely, with manageable side effects, and it showed promise in inducing remission in treated dogs. These findings suggest that this approach could complement or enhance existing chemotherapy protocols for canine lymphoma, warranting further research in larger clinical trials to confirm its benefits. Botta, V., Camerino, M., Bicanová, L. et al. Pilot study investigating the intravenous administration of monomeric L-asparaginase to dogs with multicentric lymphoma. Vet. Oncol. 1, 10 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1186/s44356-024-00010-3
Oncolytic Viruses & New Modalities
Oncolytic Viruses & New Modalities This week I had a short exchange on LinkedIn with Brian Krueger, PhD as he was talking about the increasing role of comparative oncology and telling a really personal story on veterinary cancer vaccines (if you missed the post, here the link https://www.linkedin.com/posts/davide-confalonieri-phd_omicly-weekly-50-activity-7264299114249523200-GJoR?utm_source=share&utm_medium=member_desktop ). Quite often we hear about comparative oncology in Vet Science as a way to get inspiration for new therapies, but as Vet research is catching up, I had to ask myself: Is this still the case? After the recent acquisition of Saiba Animal Health AG by Boehringer Ingelheim , bringing Virus-like particles as a new modality in a Big Pharma pipeline, this week we have a great article by Yeganeh Mehrani et al. on the role of Oncolytic Viruses for Mast Cell Tumors. Is the tide going to turn? Enjoy this week’s newsletter! Davide Confalonieri, PhD | CEO @Lab4Paws In Vitro Auranofin Stops Growth and Kills Canine Mammary Tumor Cells by Targeting the PI3K/AKT Pathway This study, by Lin et al. from Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China , focuses on a drug called Auranofin, which has been found to affect the growth of canine mammary tumor cells. The researchers explored how Auranofin works to stop the cancer cells from growing and how it triggers apoptosis, a process where cells are programmed to die. The study specifically looked at how Auranofin affects a key signaling pathway in cells called the PI3K/AKT pathway. This pathway is involved in cell growth, survival, and division. By blocking or altering this pathway, Auranofin helped stop the tumor cells from growing and led them to die off. The research suggests that Auranofin could be a potential treatment for canine mammary tumors by targeting the PI3K/AKT pathway. It opens the door to further studies that may help develop new cancer therapies for dogs with breast cancer. Lin, Z., Chen, R., Wang, J., Zheng, Y., He, Z., Yan, Y., Zhang, L., Huang, X. and Zhang, H. (2024), Auranofin Suppresses the Growth of Canine Mammary Tumour Cells and Induces Apoptosis via the PI3K/AKT Pathway. Vet Comp Oncol, 22: 555-565. https://doi.org/10.1111/vco.13005 Exploring Oncolytic Viruses for Treating Canine Mast Cell Tumors This study by Yeganeh Mehrani et al. from the University of Guelph focuses on mast cell tumors (MCTs), one of the most common types of skin cancer in dogs. While surgery is the primary treatment, some tumors can grow back or spread to other parts of the body, even when they seem less aggressive. The researchers explored the use of oncolytic viruses to treat these tumors. They tested three different viruses on a cell line created from a canine mast cell tumor: Recombinant Vesicular Stomatitis Virus (rVSV-Δm51), Avian Orthoavulavirus-1 (AOaV-1), and Orf Virus. Using advanced laboratory techniques, the team examined how effectively these viruses could infect and kill the tumor cells. Among the three, the rVSV-Δm51 virus showed the strongest ability to destroy cancer cells in lab tests. This study highlights the potential of oncolytic virotherapy as a treatment for canine mast cell tumors, paving the way for further research to determine its effectiveness in real-world clinical settings. The work represents an important step toward developing new, less invasive cancer therapies for dogs. Mehrani, Y., Kakish, J.E., Napoleoni, C., Thompson, J.J., Knapp, J.P., Minott, J.A., Yates, J.G.E., Stuart, D., Coomber, B.L., Foster, R.A., Bridle, B.W. and Karimi, K. (2024), Characterisation and Sensitivity of a Canine Mast Cell Tumour Line to Oncolytic Viruses. Vet Comp Oncol. https://doi.org/10.1111/vco.13024 How Tilmicosin Works Against Mycoplasma synoviae in Labs and Animals This study, led by Yab et al. from Foshan University , China, explores how the antibiotic tilmicosin works to fight Mycoplasma synoviae. The researchers focused on two key aspects: (1) Pharmacokinetics (PK): How the drug moves through the body—how it’s absorbed, distributed, broken down, and eliminated. (2) Pharmacodynamics (PD): How the drug affects the bacteria—how much is needed to stop its growth or kill it. They tested tilmicosin both in the lab (in vitro) and in live animals (in vivo) to understand how it works under different conditions. The goal was to figure out the right dose and treatment approach to make the antibiotic most effective while reducing the risk of resistance. The study combines lab and animal testing to better understand how tilmicosin fights infections caused by Mycoplasma synoviae. This research helps optimize its use in poultry farming, improving animal health and minimizing the spread of resistant bacteria. Yan, Xiu, Jinxin Liu, Weihuo Li, Shuti Song, Zhaofeng Yao, Yixin Jia, Sheng Yuan, Hong Yang and Nan Zhang. 2024. “ The pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics integration of tilmicosin against Mycoplasma synoviae in vitro and in vivo.” Journal of Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics 47: 503–511. https://doi.org/10.1111/jvp.13475 . Role of M-CSF and IL-34 in Canine Bone Cancer and Immune Response This research, led by Robinson et al. from Louisiana State University , looks at two molecules, M-CSF and IL-34, which play a role in regulating immune cells called macrophages. These molecules are studied in the context of canine osteosarcoma. The focus is on understanding the tumor immune microenvironment, which refers to the interactions between cancer cells and immune cells in and around the tumor. The researchers examined how M-CSF and IL-34 might influence macrophages in this environment, particularly how these molecules may help the tumor grow or evade immune defenses. By studying these immune-related molecules, the research aims to shed light on how osteosarcoma interacts with the immune system. This knowledge could lead to new treatments that target the tumor’s ability to manipulate the immune response, improving outcomes for dogs with osteosarcoma. Robinson, C.J., Moeller, C.E., Quick, C.N., Goodermuth, C.E., Carossino, M. and Withers, S.S. (2024), Macrophage Colony Stimulating Factor (M-CSF) and Interleukin-34 (IL-34) Expression in Canine Osteosarcoma in the Context of the Tumour Immune Microenvironment. Vet Comp Oncol, 22: 480-489. https://doi.org/10.1111/vco.12993 Diagnostics & Biomarkers Isolation of Tumor-Derived Particles from Dogs with Brain Tumors: A Pilot Study This study, by Simona Vincenti et al. from Universität Bern , Switzerland, focuses on understanding how cancer cells from intracranial tumors in dogs release tiny particles called extracellular vesicles (EVs) into the bloodstream. These EVs are small bits of the tumor that float around in the blood and can carry important
Thoughts on Veterinary Oncology
Thoughts on Veterinary Oncology Veterinary oncology is one of the fields that frankly intrigues me the most. While human medicine is experiencing a boom in treatment solutions, from ADC to bi-specific antibodies, from cell therapies to new small molecules, most of the veterinary treatments are restricted to surgery and radiation. Not surprisingly, two of these methods are the heroes of this week. What is surprising, is that while according to the WHO only 1 out of 5 humans will develop cancer over their 70-80 years lifespan, 1 out of 3 dogs and 1 out of 4 cats will develop cancer over their 10-15 years lifespan. That’s huge! All we can do, is just do out part to help develop new therapies and work together with the scientific community. Enjoy this week’s newsletter! Davide Confalonieri, PhD | CEO @Lab4Paws Clinical Effectiveness and Side Effects of Brief Palliative Radiation for Advanced Anal Gland Cancer in Dogs This study by Militi et al. from AniCura AOI Center AG, Hünenberg, Switzerland, examines how short cycles of palliative radiotherapy (pRT) can help manage advanced anal sac gland adenocarcinomas (AGASACA) in dogs. AGASACA often requires multiple treatments, especially in cases with severe symptoms. In this retrospective study, 12 dogs with advanced AGASACA received at least one short cycle of pRT (intensity-modulated radiotherapy, or IMRT, at 4 Gy twice daily over two days). Each dog was monitored from treatment until death, and their disease progression (PFS) and overall survival time (OST) were recorded. The study found that all dogs showed clinical improvement after receiving pRT, with the median progression-free survival at about 198 days and overall survival time around 250 days. Seven dogs experienced mild gastrointestinal side effects that resolved quickly, and no serious long-term effects were observed. Although the small sample size limited the ability to analyze additional treatments or prognostic factors, the results suggest that short cycles of pRT are a safe and effective option for providing symptom relief in dogs with advanced AGASACA. Militi, M., Botta, V., Heidrich, Y. et al. Efficacy and tolerance of short cycles of palliative radiotherapy in advanced anal sac adenocarcinomas in dogs. Vet. Oncol. 1, 9 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1186/s44356-024-00009-w Results and Surgical Risks of Removing Neck Tumors in Dogs: A 21-Case Study In this study, Kate Paskoff and colleagues from BluePearl Pet Hospital , California, USA, reviewed the outcomes and complications of surgery for carotid body paragangliomas, a rare tumor in dogs. The study included 21 dogs treated at nine specialty veterinary centers. Approximately half of the dogs (52%) experienced complications after surgery, such as airway obstruction, pneumonia, difficulty swallowing (megaesophagus), partial laryngeal paralysis, coughing, and Horner’s syndrome. Only one dog (4.7%) died shortly after surgery, showing a low perioperative mortality rate. The median survival time was 554 days, with 61% of dogs surviving at least one year and 42% surviving at least two years. This study, the largest of its kind, suggests that surgical removal of these tumors is generally safe and can provide extended survival for affected dogs. Paskoff, K., Matz, B., Fournier, Q., Aisa, J., Oblak, M., Bray, J. and Linden, D. (2024), Outcomes and Perioperative Complications of Surgical Resection on Canine Carotid Paragangliomas (21 Cases): A Veterinary Society of Surgical Oncology Study. Vet Comp Oncol. https://doi.org/10.1111/vco.13023 Impact of Tumor Grading on Survival in Dogs with Rib Cartilage Cancer In this study, Musset et al. from Iowa State University investigated whether the grade of rib chondrosarcoma, a type of bone cancer, affects survival in dogs. The team examined 22 cases and classified the tumors using a 3-tier grading system adapted from human medicine to see if higher grades were linked to shorter survival. The median survival time was about 1,427 days (ranging from 27 to 3,354 days), and no significant differences were found between grades in terms of survival outcomes. Other factors like age, weight, tumor location, appearance on X-rays, and additional treatments also did not significantly impact survival. Although grading did not predict outcomes in this small sample, further studies are needed to understand the role of tumor grade in canine rib chondrosarcoma prognosis. Musser, M., Meritet, D., Viall, A., Choi, E., Willcox, J. and Mathews, K. (2024), Prognostic Impact of a Histologic Grading Scheme in Dogs Diagnosed With Rib Chondrosarcoma. Vet Comp Oncol. https://doi.org/10.1111/vco.13025 Diagnostics & Biomarkers Comparing Three Blood Tests for Diagnosing Brucella suis in Dogs Using Advanced Statistical Methods In this study, Kneipp and colleagues from the University of Melbourne evaluated the effectiveness of three blood tests for diagnosing Brucella suis infection in dogs, an emerging zoonotic concern. The study tested 989 dog serum samples using the Rose Bengal test (RBRPT), complement fixation test (CFT), and a competitive ELISA (C-ELISA). A Bayesian analysis was used to account for overlap between tests. The RBRPT had the highest sensitivity, meaning it was best at identifying infected dogs, while the CFT was the most specific, meaning it was best at ruling out uninfected dogs. The C-ELISA showed strong overall performance. Combining the CFT and C-ELISA provided the best balance of sensitivity and specificity. All three tests had a high likelihood of correctly identifying dogs without B. suis infection, especially in low-prevalence settings. While each test is suitable for diagnosing B. suis in dogs, they work best when used together along with an evaluation of the dog’s risk factors and clinical history. Kneipp, C. C., Coilparampil, R., Westman, M., Suann, M., Robson, J., Firestone, S. M., Malik, R., Mor, S. M., Stevenson, M. A., & Wiethoelter, A. K. (2024). Evaluation of three serological tests for the diagnosis of Brucella suis in dogs using Bayesian latent class analysis. Preventive veterinary medicine, 233, 106345. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prevetmed.2024.106345 I am Davide – Founder & CEO of Lab4Paws Paws. With my life science company I help #AnimalHealth scientists develop therapeutic & diagnostic solutions for companion animals and work to reduce animal testing for human drug development. Like my content? Click my name + follow + 🔔
Autophagy and Cancer
Back to the lab, back to basic research: autophagy, ERK and Akt pathways are among some of the key topics of this week. The teams of Sakuma et al. and Vincente et al. studied these pathways in vitro and were able to give us great insights in the role of these pathways in cancer. Preclinical veterinary research lives from this: Bold ideas Empirical data In vitro work I am curious to see if any pharma will pick up these ideas and which new projects will be started because of these insights Enjoy this week’s edition! Davide Confalonieri, PhD | CEO @Lab4Paws In Vitro Effects of blocking cancer-related pathways in canine tumor cells In this study, Sakuma et al. from the Universität Tokio , Japan, investigated whether blocking two pathways—ERK and Akt, which are known to be active in CHS—could slow down CHS cell growth. The researchers tested drugs that specifically inhibit each pathway and observed their effects on CHS cell lines, both individually and in combination. The study found that ERK and Akt inhibitors successfully blocked their respective pathways in the cancer cells. However, while blocking the ERK pathway reduced cell growth, inhibiting the Akt pathway alone didn’t consistently prevent cell proliferation. They also tested two other drugs, dasatinib and trametinib, which target Akt and ERK pathways, respectively. Results showed that these drugs slowed down cell growth to varying degrees across different CHS cell lines. Interestingly, combining the drugs had a stronger effect in only some of the cell lines. This suggests that further research is needed to understand why certain CHS cells respond differently to these treatments. Sakuma, H., Tomiyasu, H., Tani, A., Goto-Koshino, Y., Tani, H., Ohno, K., Tsujimoto, H., Bonkobara, M., & Okuda, M. (2024). Antitumor effects of inhibitors of ERK and Akt pathways in canine histiocytic sarcoma cell lines. The Veterinary Journal, 106264. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tvjl.2024.106264 Cell recycling markers in dog skin tumors: A microscopic study This study by Vicente et al. from the University of Bologna (Alma Mater Studiorum – Università di Bologna) , Italy, examined the role of autophagy in canine mast cell tumors (MCTs) by analyzing the expression of two key proteins, Beclin-1 and LC3B, which are involved in the autophagy process. Autophagy, a cellular process that helps remove damaged components, is believed to impact cancer cell survival and tumor progression. Using immunohistochemical and immuno-ultrastructural techniques, the researchers studied the levels of Beclin-1 and LC3B in MCT samples. Their findings revealed varying levels of these proteins, suggesting differences in autophagic activity among tumors. This variation could help explain why some mast cell tumors are more aggressive or respond differently to treatment. In summary, this research highlights the potential role of autophagy in MCT progression and suggests that Beclin-1 and LC3B expression might be useful markers for understanding tumor behavior and possibly guiding treatment decisions in canine MCTs. Vicente, G. P., Della Salda, L., & Strefezzi, R. F. (2024). Beclin-1 and LC3B expression in canine mast cell tumours: an immuno-ultrastructural and immunohistochemical study of autophagy. Veterinary Quarterly, 44(1), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1080/01652176.2024.2419585 Diagnostics & Biomarkers Urine protein signals kidney damage in cats This study by Chen et al. from the The Hebrew University of Jerusalem , Israel,explored the potential of urinary Cystatin B as an indicator of acute kidney injury (AKI) in cats. AKI is challenging to detect early in cats, making timely diagnosis crucial. Cystatin B, a protein found in urine, was evaluated for its reliability as a marker for AKI. The researchers measured Cystatin B levels in cats with and without AKI to determine if elevated levels correlated with kidney injury. Their findings suggest that urinary Cystatin B could serve as an early and specific marker for AKI in cats, potentially helping veterinarians diagnose and manage kidney issues sooner. This promising marker could improve outcomes for cats by enabling faster intervention. Chen, H., Avital, Y., Peterson, S., Ouyang, Z., Yerramilli, M., Aroch, I., & Segev, G. (2024). Urinary Cystatin B as a marker of acute kidney injury in cats. The Veterinary Journal, 106262. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tvjl.2024.106262 Heart and kidney hormone levels in healthy small dogs This study by Galizzi et al. from the Università degli Studi di Milano , Italy, aimed to establish reference ranges for two potential biomarkers—N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) and urinary aldosterone-to-creatinine ratio (UAldo: C)—specifically in healthy Chihuahuas, as these markers differ across breeds. Forty-three healthy Chihuahuas were tested. The median NT-proBNP was 347 pmol/L, and the median UAldo: C was 2.59 µg/g. Most Chihuahuas (91%) fell below the general threshold for NT-proBNP (900 pmol/L), suggesting that NT-proBNP might have breed-specific cut-offs. The UAldo: C values were generally higher than in other breeds, supporting the idea that Chihuahuas may have distinct renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system activity. No significant differences were found between males and females for either marker. In summary, these findings provide breed-specific reference intervals for NT-proBNP and UAldo: C in Chihuahuas, which could improve heart disease screening and management for this breed. Galizzi, A., Dossi, G., Pocar, P. et al. Plasma N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide and urinary aldosterone-to-creatinine ratio in healthy Chihuahuas. BMC Vet Res 20, 501 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-024-04344-w Effects of sildenafil on kidney health in cats with worsening chronic kidney disease This study by Maden et al. from the University of Ankara, Türkyie, explored the effects of sildenafil on mitochondrial health and kidney damage in cats with acute on chronic kidney disease (ACKD). Sildenafil is known for activating the cGMP/NO pathway, which could support kidney function and reduce damage in cases of kidney disease. Thirty-three cats were involved, divided into healthy (non-azotemic) and ACKD groups. Both groups received sildenafil for 30 days. Researchers measured various kidney-related biomarkers in their blood and urine over this period. Results showed that sildenafil raised cGMP levels in healthy cats but had limited impact in the ACKD cats. Some markers of kidney function (such as NO) increased in the ACKD cats, indicating some benefit in glomerular filtration. However, the drug did not significantly reduce kidney damage or fibrosis linked to the TGF-β/SMAD pathway. In summary, sildenafil showed
EV and Biomarkers
Comparative biology is big in veterinary science It helps us understand, it helps us develop new solutions So that, when we see studies on Extracellular Vescicles and CDB, we have to smile real big. Because it means change is coming, and even the newst things in human research are coming to veterinary science. This week’s big shoutout goes to Thierry Olivry and his team at Nextmune for their new Multiplex Molecular Macroarray and to Tania Gutiérrez Riquelme and colleagues for their great proteomics work on EV! Enjoy this week’s edition! Davide Confalonieri, PhD | CEO @Lab4Paws In Vitro Investigation on the In Vitro Effects of Resveratrol on Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells Harvested from Healthy and Atopic Dogs In this study Domenico Santoro from the University of Florida, USA, evaluates resveratrol’s potential as a safer anti-inflammatory treatment for canine atopic dermatitis (AD) compared to conventional therapies, which often have side effects and high costs. The in vitro effects of resveratrol were examined on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from nine healthy and 11 atopic dogs. PBMCs were exposed to resveratrol at various concentrations (1.5–9 μg/mL), with and without phytohemagglutinin stimulation. Cytotoxicity, host defense peptides (HDPs), oxidative stress markers (catalase and superoxide dismutase), and pro-inflammatory cytokines were assessed after 24 hours. Results indicated no cytotoxicity in either group across all conditions. Low concentrations of resveratrol increased catalase levels only in healthy PBMCs, but HDP levels remained unaffected. Significant reductions in monocyte chemotactic protein-1 and interleukin-6 were observed at the highest concentration (9 μg/mL) in both unstimulated healthy and stimulated atopic PBMCs. Overall, resveratrol demonstrated minimal effects on HDP secretion and pro-inflammatory cytokine levels at the tested concentrations, while proving non-toxic to PBMCs from both healthy and atopic dogs. Santoro D, Nadeau P., Archer L..Investigation on the in vitro effects of resveratrol on peripheral blood mononuclear cells harvested from healthy and atopic dogs. Research in Veterinary Science. 2024, 105441, ISSN 0034-5288, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rvsc.2024.105441. Proteomic Analysis of Extracellular Vesicles Derived from Canine Mammary Tumour Cell Lines Identifies Protein Signatures Specific for Disease State This study from Tania Gutiérrez Riquelme, from the Freie Universität Berlin, Germany, explores the proteomic profiles of extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from canine mammary tumour (CMT) cell lines to identify non-invasive diagnostic markers for CMT. EVs, containing unique protein and RNA cargo, were isolated from five distinct canine mammary cell lines representing non-neoplastic, adenoma, and carcinoma states. Whole-cell lysates (WCLs) and EV lysates underwent LC-MS/MS analysis, with protein abundance compared between groups. Distinct protein signatures were observed in WCLs and EVs, particularly for proteins related to cell adhesion, migration, and RNA processing. Weighted gene correlation network analysis (WGCNA) identified co-abundant EV protein clusters specific to CMT stages, revealing distinct adenoma and carcinoma EV signatures, absent in WCLs. Key proteins like biglycan emerged as potential biomarkers for canine mammary carcinomas, offering a foundation for developing a liquid biopsy approach for CMT diagnosis, minimizing the need for invasive tissue biopsies. Gutierrez-Riquelme, T., Karkossa, I., Schubert, K. et al. Proteomic analysis of extracellular vesicles derived from canine mammary tumour cell lines identifies protein signatures specific for disease state. BMC Vet Res 20, 488 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-024-04331-1 In Vitro Antitumor Effect of Oils Rich in CBD and THC Cannabis Extract in Canine Prostate Carcinoma Cell Lines Calheiros et al, Sao Paulo State University- The Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Brazil, investigates the antitumor potential of cannabidiol (CBD) and Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) in canine prostate carcinoma cell lines, PC1 and PC2. Prostate cancer in dogs presents similarities to androgen-independent prostate cancer in humans, making it a valuable model for comparative research. Results demonstrated that both CBD- and THC-rich cannabis extracts significantly inhibited cell proliferation, with half-maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC50) at 3.43 and 3.57 μM for CBD and 4.90 and 4.48 μM for THC. Furthermore, cell death was confirmed via Annexin V and Propidium iodide staining. These findings suggest a promising direction for further research on the therapeutic applications of cannabis extracts in treating canine prostate carcinoma, with potential implications for human medicine. Calheiros, L.G.R.d.M.; Pedro, G.; Oliveira da Silva, T.; Amorim, R.M.; Alves, C.E.F.; Laufer-Amorim, R. In Vitro Antitumor Effect of Oils Rich in CBD and THC Cannabis Extract in Canine Prostate Carcinoma Cell Lines. Vet. Sci. 2024, 11, 501. https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci11100501 Diagnostics & Biomarkers Validation of a Multiplex Molecular Macroarray for the Determination of Allergen-Specific IgE Sensitizations in Dogs Thierry Olivry and his team at Nextmune, Sweden, validated the Pet Allergy Xplorer (PAX), a novel multiplex molecular macroarray designed to detect IgE sensitizations in dogs. Developed by Nextmune, this platform incorporates both allergen extracts and molecular components to provide detailed insights into allergen cross-reactivity. The validation process included testing the specificity and accuracy of IgE detection, as well as evaluating confounding factors such as hemolysis and lipemia. Notably, the PAX includes a cross-reactive carbohydrate determinants (CCD) detection and blocking feature, increasing result reliability. Data from over 23,000 European dogs revealed sensitization rates across 145 environmental and insect allergens, showcasing PAX as an effective, reproducible tool for diagnosing canine allergies. Olivry, T.; Fontao, A.M.; Aumayr, M.; Ivanovova, N.P.; Mitterer, G.; Harwanegg, C. Validation of a Multiplex Molecular Macroarray for the Determination of Allergen-Specific IgE Sensitizations in Dogs. Vet. Sci. 2024, 11, 482. https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci11100482 Immunohistochemical Expression of Tenascin-C in Canine Meningiomas This study from Sant’Ana et al, Universidade de Brasília, Brazil, investigated the expression of tenascin-C (TN-C), a marker associated with more aggressive central nervous system tumors in humans, within different grades of canine meningiomas. The study analyzed 21 cases of canine meningiomas classified as grade I (12 cases), grade II (6 cases), and grade III (3 cases). Immunohistochemistry for TN-C, along with epithelial membrane antigen (EMA), Ki-67, pan-cytokeratin (Pan CK), and vimentin, was performed to characterize TN-C distribution. Results showed increased TN-C immunoreactivity corresponding with tumor grade, from mild in grade I to moderate in grade II, and moderate to severe in grade III. TN-C positivity was primarily noted in the tumor stroma and perivascular spaces, particularly in higher-grade tumors. The findings suggest that TN-C may serve as a valuable
Case Studies & Corrections – Science & Reporting
When we think about science, we often think about experiments, trials and proofing hypothesis. This is all fine and good, but oftentimes scientists crash against the crude reality: not everything is exactly how we think. That’s why we write articles and take time to correct them. But also, that’s why case studies are so important: they hint at something that has never been observed before. And this brings a lot of questions with it: Why does this happen? How is this changing what we now? Can we reproduce this? and most importantly: What other questions does this fact open? This week we have 4 interesting case studies and 1 correction, and we want to celebrate them all. Enjoy! Davide Confalonieri, PhD | CEO @Lab4Paws Case Studies Spitz-Like Tail Carriage in Two Domestic Cats: A Rare Tail Morphology In this case report, Morgane Van Belle from Ghent University, Belgium, described two domestic cats with an unusual “Spitz-like” tail carriage, where the tail curls over the back rather than staying vertical, as seen in typical cat greeting behavior. Despite this anomaly, both cats exhibited normal tail movements and affiliative behaviors when interacting with humans and other cats. The curled tail posture, present since adoption, did not impair their communication abilities. This rare tail morphology highlights the diversity of feline physical traits and their potential impact on social signaling. Morgane J.R. Van Belle, Noema Gajdoš Kmecová, Christel P.H. Moons, Frank A.M. Tuyttens, Daniel S. Mills, Tiny C.B.M. De Keuster. Spitz-like tail carriage in two domestic cats. The Veterinary Journal. Volume 308, 2024, 106256, ISSN 1090-0233, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tvjl.2024.106256. Rare Case of Colonic Stenosis in a Healthy British Shorthair Cat After Spay Surgery This case report, Xie et al. from the South China Agricultural University, China, described a rare postoperative complication in a one-year-old British Shorthair cat who developed colonic stenosis three weeks after a flank approach ovariohysterectomy (spay surgery). The cat presented with gastrointestinal symptoms, including difficulty defecating and reduced fecal size. Diagnostic tests, including radiographs and colonoscopy, were inconclusive. During exploratory surgery, an annular tissue band causing severe stenosis of the descending colon was found and excised, leading to rapid improvement. This case highlights the need to consider colonic stenosis as a potential complication after spay surgery using the flank approach. Xie, Y., Deng, Y., Mai, J. et al. An apparently healthy female British shorthair cat with a rare complication of colonic stenosis after flank approach ovariohysterectomy. BMC Vet Res 20, 470 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-024-04328-w Does Cranial Cruciate Ligament Repair by Tibial Plateau Leveling Osteotomy Surgery Restore Dog’s Natural Kinematics? – A Case Series This study from Arauz et al. from the Stony Brook University, USA, aimed to evaluate whether Tibial Plateau Leveling Osteotomy (TPLO), a common surgical procedure used to treat cranial cruciate ligament (CrCL) deficiency in dogs, restores the natural kinematics of the hind limb joints, including the hip, stifle, and tarsal joints. The study recorded and analyzed the three-dimensional (3D) joint motions during walking in eight adult dogs (4 French Bulldogs and 4 Pit Bull Terriers) using a motion capture system. The results showed significant differences in joint kinematics between TPLO-treated dogs and healthy controls. Affected dogs demonstrated abnormal flexion-extension, abduction-adduction, and rotational movements, particularly in the hip and stifle joints. Asymmetries were observed between the affected and unaffected limbs, with deviations as high as 43° in some cases. Although the TPLO surgery positively affected the dogs’ overall daily activity performance, natural hind limb kinematics during gait were not fully restored in either French Bulldogs or Pit Bull Terriers. These findings suggest that while TPLO is effective for functional stabilization, it may not completely return limb kinematics to their pre-injury state. Arauz P.G., Chiriboga P., Garcés V., Garcia G., Kao I. Does Cranial Cruciate Ligament Repair by Tibial Plateau Leveling Osteotomy Surgery Restore Dog’s Natural Kinematics? – A Case Series. The Veterinary Journal. 2024, 106257, ISSN 1090-0233, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tvjl.2024.106257. Desmoid Fibromatosis Following Surgery of an Intradural Spinal Lipoma in a Young Cat This case report from Lamy-Casoy et al. , The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel, describes a rare occurrence of desmoid fibromatosis following the surgical removal of an intradural spinal lipoma in a 10-month-old domestic shorthair cat. Intradural lipomas have been reported in association with spinal dysraphism, but not in cats with intact spinal canals, making this case particularly unusual. The cat initially presented with progressive proprioceptive ataxia, and MRI revealed a compressive lesion at the cranio-cervical junction, which was histopathologically confirmed as a lipoma. Despite surgical intervention, postoperative complications led to the cat’s euthanasia. A postmortem examination revealed that a desmoid tumor had invaded the surgical site, an extremely rare complication. This case highlights the need for further research into the etiopathogenesis of desmoid tumors, particularly in relation to surgical trauma, and adds to the limited veterinary literature on intradural lipomas and desmoid fibromatosis. Lamy-Casoy, Y., Barnoon, I., Srugo, I. et al. Desmoid fibromatosis following surgery of an intradural spinal lipoma in a young cat. Vet. Oncol. 1, 8 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1186/s44356-024-00008-x Corrections Correction: Plasma Protein Changes Linked to Canine Cognitive Dysfunction Syndrome in Thailand This study from Sataporn Phochantachinda, Mahidol University, Thailand, examined changes in plasma proteins associated with canine cognitive dysfunction syndrome (CCDS) using proteomics techniques. A total of 87 proteins were identified, with 48 and 41 proteins differing in the aging and adult dog groups, respectively. Proteins involved in complement and coagulation pathways and lipid metabolism were distinctly expressed in CCDS cases. However, plasma amyloid beta 42 (Aβ42) levels overlapped between CCDS and aging groups and showed no correlation with cognitive dysfunction severity. These findings suggest Aβ42 alone is not a reliable biomarker for CCDS, but other plasma proteins may offer diagnostic potential for improved CCDS detection. Phochantachinda, S., Chantong, B., Reamtong, O. et al. Correction: Change in the plasma proteome associated with canine cognitive dysfunction syndrome (CCDS) in Thailand. BMC Vet Res 20, 467 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-024-04330-2 Dogs Equivalence of Intradermal Test Reactions in Sedated Dogs with Dexmedetomidine or Medetomidine-Vatinoxan This study from Santoro et al., University of
The next big thing in veterinary science
Discover the latest breakthroughs in veterinary science with a focus on feline oncological biomarkers. Despite challenges in developing biomarkers due to limited blood collection in cats, promising research is emerging. With a lack of therapeutic options beyond surgery, these advancements offer hope for improving the quality of life for our animal companions. Explore this exciting progress in this week’s newsletter!
